Related Papers
Eurasian Integration and Its Institutions: Possible Contributions to Security in Eurasia
2017 •
Evgeny Vinokurov
The authors turn to the large family of institutions that came into existence in post-Soviet Eurasia (and, in some ways, beyond it) over the last two decades. The researchers review their current state, agenda, real and perceived mandate, and their respective achievements and constraints. The main questions of interest are the following: do ‘Eurasian’ institutions serve to provide security/stability and, if so, how? To answer these two questions, the authors identify a number of key challenges to security in Eurasia, review the institutions belonging loosely to the Eurasian Economic Union’s institutional ecosphere, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The goal is primarily to find out the possible contributions to security in the region from the point of view of the mandates of regional institutions and their capacity. As the authors will show, the potential of Eurasian regional institutions to provide security is substantial, and i...
Gordian Knot in Central Asia Regional Security Complex: A Multi-Vector Analysis
2020 •
Alperen Kürşad Zengin
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan have gained their independence. The characteristics of the region, some of which are the Turkish-Islamic identity, common history, common culture, and shared state borders, interconnect the fates of these newly independent states. Therefore, the cooperation and integration of these states are essential for the security of the region. However, this cooperation and integration are obstructed due to some policies implemented during the Soviet Union period and the policies of the two great powers close to the region. In this study, which aims to analyze Central Asia within the framework of “Regional Security Complex Theory” and its analysis units, we try to evaluate the intra-regional problems and the policies of Russia and China through the philosophicalideological base, economic, political, and security units.
Editions du JIPTO
Kazakhstan in the World Integration Processes
2019 •
Miras Zhiyenbayev
In this book the process of integration of Kazakhstan into the world political and economic system is analyzed. Special attention is given to the conceptual and practical issues of Eurasian integration, in particular, to the relations between the direct participants of the Eurasian integration and partners from third countries. In general, Kazakhstan's participation in global political and economic processes is analyzed from the standpoint of the interests of the republic, taking into account the factors that allow for more effective participation in global economic relations.
CAISS Papers/ Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
Stability Over Prosperity and Security Over Development in Uzbekistan
2017 •
Aminjonov Farkhod
In the early years of independence, Islam Karimov, the first President of Uzbekistan, came up with five main principles, which were supposed to ensure security, stability and prosperity in the country–the so-called “Uzbek model of development”. The model is based on the step–by–step reforms avoiding “shock therapy” in the transition to a market economy and providing social stability in the country. The five principles, highlighted by the President in his book titled “Uzbekistan – Its own way towards a transition to the market economy” in 1993, were the following74: a) De-idealization of the economy; b) The state is the main reformist and reforms are implemented not for the sake of reforms, but for the people; c) The supremacy of law; d) Providing socio-economic security to the people, in which the state ensures at least the minimum support to those who live close to the poverty line; e) An evolutionary manner of transition to a market economy.
Asia Europe Journal
The region that isn't: China, Russia and the failure of regional integration in Central Asia
Sebastian Krapohl
Country Experiences in Economic Development, Management and Entrepreneurship / Proceedings of the 17th Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference – Springer, 2016.
Central Asian Integration and Its Impact on Regional Trade and Economy
2016 •
Bulat Mukhamediyev
Central Asian region includes five Former Soviet Union republics such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. All countries follow totally different national development strategies. While Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz Republic are outward looking and the most integrated to world economy, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan keep isolationism policy. Since 1991 many Preferential Trade Agreements have been signed in Central Asia. However, the countries could cooperate in only a few areas. Majority of these agreements led to more conflicts and contradictions, which became the beginning of Central Asian disintegration. All countries of the region in their trade policies have largely followed the path of policy autonomy. Thus, this paper analyzes the impact of integration agreements on the regional trade and economy of Central Asia with the special focus on Kazakhstan. The paper also covers the analysis of possible impact of the newly created Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU...
Journal of Eurasian Studies
Between Russia and China: Central Asia in Greater Eurasia
Ivan Safranchuk
Central Asian states are usually considered as passive elements rather than active agents of integration in Greater Eurasia. This article considers the role of these states as active agents shaping integration processes according to their own interests and perspectives. All Central Asian states conduct so-called “multivector” foreign policies balancing relations with the key great powers (Russia, China, and “collective West”) as well as with Middle Eastern and South Asian nations. From their point of view, the ideal formula for Greater Eurasia should include the entire continent. However, the current geopolitical situation in the world turns integration of Central Asian nations with Russia and China into the only available option. Political and military integration with Russia within the CSTO as well as economic integration with Russia within the Eurasian Economic Union are key elements of this. The SCO is also very important as the key structure shaping regional security system. Th...
TURKMENISTAN’S NEUTRALITY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY AND POLITICS
2016 •
Svetlana Dzardanova
Turkmenistan adopted its new military defense doctrine in January 2016, a month after celebrating the 20th anniversary of the adoption of its permanent neutrality status. The doctrine, according to president Berdimuhamedov, ‘is aimed at strengthening peace across the world, and at the development of friendly, fraternal and good-neighborly relations with all countries’.47 Obviously, Ashgabat is now forced to pay more attention to the number of its military forces, its quality and wise, as the attacks on the porous 744 km-long Afghan-Turkmen border increased since 2013. Mass media and a part of the expert community interpret this as the end of Turkmen neutrality. Many hold the view that external security threats can force Turkmenistan to give up, or at least to move away from the positive neutrality status in order to allow enhanced military cooperation on bilateral or multilateral levels.48 Hence, the paper analyzes what recent security developments and financial complications entail for the state and regional security. It has a close look at limitations and provisions of the policy and at possible contradictions regarding military build-up and cooperation. In order to better understand both the economic situation and security context in which Turkmenistan operates at the moment, the relationships with the main players, such as China, Russia, US, EU, the four other states of Central Asia and Afghanistan are analyzed in the paper. It also looks at how well the state is prepared to respond to pending security challenges and discusses if positive neutrality is still a viable option for Turkmen foreign policy.
Security in Central Asia Russian policy and military posture
Security in Central Asia Russian policy and military posture
2019 •
Jakob Hedenskog
NUPI / OSCE Academy Special Issue 2
Avoiding the Potholes along the Silk Road Economic Belt in Central Asia
2020 •
Aminjonov Farkhod
While China and Russia are both among the top five trading partners for all Central Asian states, China has overtaken Russia in trade and investment in the region. In the 1990s, trade between China and Central Asia amounted to less than US$1 billion. By 2008, China’s total trade with Central Asia exceeded that of Russia’s, and by 2018 ChinaCentral Asia trade had surged to almost $30 billion. Russia continues to be the main source of imports for some Central Asian states, but it is slowly losing out to China’s relatively inexpensive finished goods (consumer products, machinery, textiles and electronic goods); Central Asia exports mainly raw materials and unprocessed products to China. Most importantly, China has become the leading foreign investor in such critical sectors as energy, industry and infrastructure in all Central Asian countries.
